@article{Najari-Hanjani_Najafi_Akbar_2022, title={Dysregulation of PER3 clock gene and its only pseudogene in colorectal cancer and type 2 diabetes}, volume={74}, url={https://www.serbiosoc.org.rs/arch/index.php/abs/article/view/7526}, DOI={10.2298/ABS220223009N}, abstractNote={<p><strong>Paper description:</strong></p> <ul> <li>The period (<em>PER</em>) family gene <em>PER3P1</em> is the only known pseudogene of the circadian clock<em>.</em></li> <li>The expression patterns of <em>PER3P1</em> in Iranian patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) were examined.</li> <li><em>PER1/2/3</em> genes and the <em>PER3P1</em> pseudogene are significantly downregulated in CRC. PER3 and PER3P1 mRNAs are significantly upregulated in T2D.</li> <li><em>PER3P1</em> pseudogene and could serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker in CRC and T2D.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The period (<em>PER</em>) family genes (<em>PER1</em>, <em>PER2</em>, and <em>PER3</em>) play a fundamental role in regulating the day/night cycle. <em>PER3</em> has a pseudogene variant, <em>PER3P1</em> or <em>PER4</em>, whose role and expression pattern is unclear in human health and diseases. This study was performed to evaluate the expression levels of normal <em>PER</em> family members and the <em>PER3P1 </em>pseudogene in colorectal cancer (CRC) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Blood samples were taken from 50 diabetic patients and analyzed using real-time PCR for quantification of <em>PER3</em> and <em>PER3P1 </em>expression. Colorectal tumor tissues of 50 individuals were also used to evaluate the expression of <em>PER</em> members. All <em>PER</em> members, including <em>PER3P1</em>, were found to be downregulated in colorectal tumor samples. Blood samples collected from diabetic subjects revealed an opposite expression pattern; both <em>PER3</em> and its pseudogene were found to be upregulated when compared to the control group. Our results reveal coordination between the expression pattern of <em>PER3P1</em> and normal <em>PER</em> family genes. Based on our findings and the pathological importance of this pseudogene, it can be suggested that <em>PER3P1</em> may be one of the key regulators of the molecular clock network and <em>PER</em> family expression. This hypothesis needs to be confirmed by further studies.</p>}, number={2}, journal={Archives of Biological Sciences}, author={Najari-Hanjani, Parisa and Najafi, Rana and Akbar, Sorush}, year={2022}, month={Jun.}, pages={111–118} }