First report on ACE I/D polymorphism and lymphoma susceptibility in Algeria: Clinical and genetic insights

Authors

  • Choubeila Salhi 1. Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Animal Biology, University Constantine 1 Frères Mentouri, Constantine, Algeria; 2. Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, University Constantine 3 Salah Boubnider, Constantine, Algeria https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8245-5460
  • Rania Laouar 1. Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Animal Biology, University Constantine 1 Frères Mentouri, Constantine, Algeria; 2. Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, University Constantine 3 Salah Boubnider, Constantine, Algeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4392-5156
  • Djalila Chellat 1. Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Animal Biology, University Constantine 1 Frères Mentouri, Constantine, Algeria; 2. Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, University Constantine 3 Salah Boubnider, Constantine, Algeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0161-0746
  • Karima Sifi Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, University Constantine 3 Salah Boubnider, Constantine, Algeria https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7132-5150
  • Mohamed Larbi Rezgoun 1. Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Animal Biology, University Constantine 1 Frères Mentouri, Constantine, Algeria; 2. Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, University Constantine 3 Salah Boubnider, Constantine, Algeria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-7039

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS250930029S

Keywords:

Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, ACE I/D polymorphism, risk factors, North Africa

Abstract

Paper description:

  • Lymphomas are multifactorial cancers shaped by genetic, clinical, and lifestyle factors. Evidence from North African populations remains limited.
  • A case-control study in Algeria, including 86 patients with Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphomas and 110 matched healthy controls, with ACE I/D polymorphism genotyping was undertaken.
  • Smoking and hypertension were significantly associated with increased lymphoma risk; cardiovascular disease and allergy showed inverse associations. The ACE ID genotype was underrepresented in non-Hodgkin subtypes.
  • This study provides the first evidence from Algeria linking ACE I/D polymorphism to lymphoma risk, underscoring the contribution of both genetic and modifiable factors relevant to disease prevention and personalized management.

Abstract: Lymphomas represent a heterogeneous group of malignancies influenced by genetic, clinical, and lifestyle factors, but data from North African populations remain scarce. We conducted a case-control study including 86 patients with Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas and 110 matched healthy controls from Algeria to evaluate the demographic, clinical, and genetic determinants of disease risk. Smoking (OR=2.06, 95% CI: 1.48-2.87) and hypertension (OR=3.99, 95% CI: 2.37-6.71) were independently associated with increased lymphoma risk, whereas cardiovascular disease (OR=0.30, 95% CI: 0.14-0.65) and allergies (OR=0.25, 95% CI: 0.15-0.40) showed inverse associations. Genetic analysis revealed that the ACE ID genotype was inversely associated with lymphoma (OR=0.18, 95% CI: 0.08-0.38), particularly for non-Hodgkin subtypes. These findings suggest that both modifiable lifestyle factors and genetic variation within the renin-angiotensin system may affect lymphoma risk in the Algerian population. The results represent preliminary, population-specific evidence that should be validated in larger multicenter studies.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Li T, Liang X, Lin B, Luo B, Liu D, Lu W, Tian S, Guo J, Zhou X, Jin Z, Huang Y, Guo S. The global, regional, and national burden of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: an update from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Ann Hematol. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-025-06559-9

Alaggio R, Amador C, Anagnostopoulos I, Attygalle AD, Araujo IBO, Berti E, Bhagat G, Borges AM, Boyer D, Calaminici M, Chadburn A, Chan JKC, Cheuk W, Chng WJ, Choi JK, Chuang SS, Coupland SE, Czader M, Dave SS, de Jong D, Du MQ, Elenitoba-Johnson KS, Ferry J, Geyer J, Gratzinger D, Guitart J, Gujral S, Harris M, Harrison CJ, Hartmann S, Hochhaus A, Jansen PM, Karube K, Kempf W, Khoury J, Kimura H, Klapper W, Kovach AE, Kumar S, Lazar AJ, Lazzi S, Leoncini L, Leung N, Leventaki V, Li XQ, Lim MS, Liu WP, Louissaint A, Jr., Marcogliese A, Medeiros LJ, Michal M, Miranda RN, Mitteldorf C, Montes-Moreno S, Morice W, Nardi V, Naresh KN, Natkunam Y, Ng SB, Oschlies I, Ott G, Parrens M, Pulitzer M, Rajkumar SV, Rawstron AC, Rech K, Rosenwald A, Said J, Sarkozy C, Sayed S, Saygin C, Schuh A, Sewell W, Siebert R, Sohani AR, Tooze R, Traverse-Glehen A, Vega F, Vergier B, Wechalekar AD, Wood B, Xerri L, Xiao W. The 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours: Lymphoid Neoplasms. Leukemia. 2022;36(7):1720-48 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-022-01620-2

Clemmensen SB, Harris JR, Mengel-From J, Bonat WH, Frederiksen H, Kaprio J, Hjelmborg JVB. Familial Risk and Heritability of Hematologic Malignancies in the Nordic Twin Study of Cancer. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(12):3023. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13123023

Tatour M, Neeman Z, Aviv A, Hazzan R. Increased Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med. 2024;13(20):6258. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13206258

Zhan L, Chen S, Liu Y, Lu T, Yu Z, Wang X, Zhou X. Autoimmune disease and risk of lymphoma: analysis from real-world data and Mendelian randomization study. BMC Cancer. 2025;25(1):351 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-13754-4

Taborelli M, Montella M, Libra M, Tedeschi R, Crispo A, Grimaldi M, Dal Maso L, Serraino D, Polesel J. The dose-response relationship between tobacco smoking and the risk of lymphomas: a case-control study. BMC Cancer. 2017;17(1):421 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-017-3414-2

Ardisson Korat A, Deubler EL, Bertrand KA, Teras LR, Lacey JV, Patel AV, Rosner BA, Shu Y-H, Zhong C, Wang SS, Birmann BM, Chao CR. History of Type 2 Diabetes and Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma: A Pooled Prospective Analysis. Blood. 2024;144:6240 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2024-199150

Nguyen BA, Alexander MR, Harrison DG. Immune mechanisms in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2024;20(8):530-40 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-024-00838-w

Ruiter R, Visser LE, Van Duijn CM, Stricker BH. The ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism and risk of cancer, a review and meta-analysis of the literature. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2011;11(4):421-30 https://doi.org/10.2174/156800911795538147

Zmorzynski S, Szudy-Szczyrek A, Popek-Marciniec S, Korszen-Pilecka I, Wojcierowska-Litwin M, Luterek M, Chocholska S, Styk W, Swiderska-Kołacz G, Januszewska J, Mielnik M, Hus M, Filip AA. ACE Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism (rs4646994) Is Associated With the Increased Risk of Multiple Myeloma. Front Oncol. 2019;9:44 https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2019.00044

Zhang GH, Miao FA, Xu JG, Zhang Y. Angiotensin II enhances the proliferation of Natural Killer/T-cell lymphoma cells via activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Biosci Rep. 2020;40(10):BSR20202388. https://doi.org/10.1042/bsr20202388

Laghlam D, Jozwiak M, Nguyen LS. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Immunomodulation: A State-of-the-Art Review. Cells. 2021;10(7):1767. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10071767

Patel Y, Thapa P, Prajapati A. New insights into prostate Cancer from the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Cell Signal. 2024;124:111442 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111442

Hamdi Cherif M, Serraino D, Mahnane A, Laouamri S, Zaidi Z, Boukharouba H, Cherka D, Rakeb M, Kara L, Ayat A, Birri S, Virdone S, De Paoli P, Bidoli E. Time trends of cancer incidence in Setif, Algeria, 1986-2010: an observational study. BMC Cancer. 2014;14:637 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-14-637

Boudjerra N, Oukid S, Abad MT, Aboura C, Louanchi L, Ramaoun M, Belhani M, Allouda M, Aftisse H, Ait Ali H, Ben lakhal R, Meddeb B, Ait Ameur N, Belhadri F, Tensaout F, Ahmed Nacer R, Hamladji RM, Bougherira S, Grifi F, Ghassouli Y, Djilali M, Belakehal SE, Ardjoun F, Bouchama S, Charef L, Bekadja MA, Benhalilou M, Sidi Mansour N, Kechichi A, Hamdi S, Bellaaj H, Berber B, Mesli N, Zatla L, Touhami H, Laatiri MA, Si Ali N, Zouaoui Z, Hamza H, Ouarhlent Y, Belkesmaoui N, Ghedira H, Khemiri M, Mehalhal N, Lakhdari N, Saidi M, Behloul S, Lazzazi A, Abrouk S, Ben Othman T, Benakli M. Descriptive Study of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma in Algeria and Tunisia over a Period of 5 Years. Blood. 2016;128(22):5412 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V128.22.5412.5412

Pan T, Zhang J, Wang X, Song Y. Global burden and trends of hematologic malignancies based on Global Cancer Observatory 2022 and Global Burden of Disease 2021. Exp Hematol Oncol. 2025;14(1):98 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40164-025-00684-x

Desai S, Guddati AK. Bimodal Age Distribution in Cancer Incidence. World J Oncol. 2022;13(6):329-36 https://doi.org/10.14740/wjon1424

Madihi S, Bouafi H, Boukaira S, Bennani S, Benani A. Epidemiological trends of hematological malignancies in North Africa: Recent insights. Bull Cancer. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bulcan.2025.04.013

Touma E, Antoun L, Hallit S, Nasr F, Massoud M, El Othman R, Chahine G. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Lebanon: a retrospective epidemiological study between 1984 and 2019. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):1820 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11840-3

Radkiewicz C, Bruchfeld JB, Weibull CE, Jeppesen ML, Frederiksen H, Lambe M, Jakobsen L, El-Galaly TC, Smedby KE, Wästerlid T. Sex differences in lymphoma incidence and mortality by subtype: A population-based study. Am J Hematol. 2023;98(1):23-30 https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.26744

Habeshian TS, Peeri NC, De Vivo I, Schouten LJ, Shu XO, Cote ML, Bertrand KA, Chen Y, Clarke MA, Clendenen TV, Cook LS, Costas L, Dal Maso L, Freudenheim JL, Friedenreich CM, Gallagher G, Gierach GL, Goodman MT, Jordan SJ, La Vecchia C, Lacey JV, Levi F, Liao LM, Lipworth L, Lu L, Matias-Guiu X, Moysich KB, Mutter GL, Na R, Naduparambil J, Negri E, O'Connell K, O'Mara TA, Onieva Hernández I, Palmer JR, Parazzini F, Patel AV, Penney KL, Prizment AE, Ricceri F, Risch HA, Sacerdote C, Sandin S, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, van den Brandt PA, Webb PM, Wentzensen N, Wijayabahu AT, Wilkens LR, Xu W, Yu H, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Zheng W, Du M, Setiawan VW. Hypertension and Risk of Endometrial Cancer: A Pooled Analysis in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium (E2C2). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2024;33(6):788-95 https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.Epi-23-1444

Ou Y, Wu H, Li Z-H. ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HYPERTENSION AND THE RISK OF CANCER: EVIDENCE FROM UK BIOBANK. Journal of Hypertension. 2025;43(Suppl 1):e228-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.hjh.0001117552.38762.e0

Szmit S, Długosz-Danecka M, Drozd-Sokołowska J, Joks M, Szeremet A, Jurczyszyn A, Jurczak W. Higher Mortality in Patients With Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Pre-Existing Arterial Hypertension-Real World Data of the Polish Lymphoma Research Group. Heart Lung Circ. 2024;33(5):675-83 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2024.03.003

Huang J, Pang WS, Lok V, Zhang L, Lucero-Prisno DE, 3rd, Xu W, Zheng ZJ, Elcarte E, Withers M, Wong MCS. Incidence, mortality, risk factors, and trends for Hodgkin lymphoma: a global data analysis. J Hematol Oncol. 2022;15(1):57 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-022-01281-9

Ghorbani Doshantapeh A, Nouralishahi A, Cheraghalian A, Asgari N, Bagheri Shahzadeh Aliakbari R, Zaman Samghabadi N, Assarroudi M, Zaremoghadam E, Pakdaman Kolour SS. The association between statin use and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nephropathol. 2024;13(4):e21530-e https://doi.org/10.34172/jnp.2024.21530

Yang J, Yang X, Gao L, Zhang J, Yi C, Huang Y. The role of the renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in malignancy: a review. Am J Cancer Res. 2021;11(3):884-97

Oosthuizen D, Ganief TA, Bernstein KE, Sturrock ED. Proteomic Analysis of Human Macrophages Overexpressing Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(13):7055. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137055

Shadman M, White E, De Roos AJ, Walter RB. Associations between allergies and risk of hematologic malignancies: results from the VITamins and lifestyle cohort study. Am J Hematol. 2013;88(12):1050-4 https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.23564

Weller KN, McDonnell JC, Albert JM, Singer ME, Hsieh FH. Increased Hazard Risk of First Malignancy in Adults with Undetectable Serum IgE: a Retrospective Cohort Study. J Clin Immunol. 2023;43(3):568-77 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-022-01401-7

Tian Y, Li Y, Chen Y, Yuan G, Peng B, Su L, Wu J. Atopic dermatitis and lymphoma risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol. 2025;15:1580550 https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2025.1580550

Yang J, Xu H, Liang X, Lv S, Lin B, Jia Y. Allergic conditions are not associated with the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or Hodgkin's lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther. 2017;10:2189-98 https://doi.org/10.2147/ott.S128849

Maskarinec G, Brown SM, Lee J, Bogumil D, Walsh C, Haiman CA, Setiawan VW, Shvetsov YB, Le Marchand L. Association of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: The Multiethnic Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2023;32(10):1348-55 https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.Epi-23-0565

Zhao C, Zhang Y, Qian L, Guo Q, Zhu N. Causal association between endocrine diseases and lymphoid malignancies explored through two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Scientific Reports. 2025;15(1):14231 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99010-y

Abbasgholizadeh P, Naseri A, Nasiri E, Sadra V. Is Hashimoto thyroiditis associated with increasing risk of thyroid malignancies? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Thyroid Res. 2021;14(1):26 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13044-021-00117-x

Wang J, Conti DV, Epeldegui M, Ollikainen M, Tyndale RF, Hwang AE, Magpantay L, Mack TM, Martinez-Maza O, Kaprio J, Cozen W. Lymphoma-Associated Biomarkers Are Increased in Current Smokers in Twin Pairs Discordant for Smoking. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(21):5395. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13215395

Odutola MK, van Leeuwen MT, Turner J, Bruinsma F, Seymour JF, Prince HM, Milliken ST, Trotman J, Verner E, Tiley C, Roncolato F, Underhill CR, Opat SS, Harvey M, Hertzberg M, Benke G, Giles GG, Vajdic CM. Associations between Smoking and Alcohol and Follicular Lymphoma Incidence and Survival: A Family-Based Case-Control Study in Australia. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(11):2710. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14112710

Cerhan JR, Slager SL. Familial predisposition and genetic risk factors for lymphoma. Blood. 2015;126(20):2265-73 https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2015-04-537498

Boddicker NJ, Mwangi R, Robinson DP, Allmer C, Rosenthal AC, Habermann TM, Feldman AL, Rimsza LM, King RL, Larson MC, Negaard BJ, Norman AD, Rajkumar N, Ansell SM, Dispenzieri A, Murray DL, Rajkumar V, Kumar S, Abeykoon JP, Abecasis G, Baras A, Cantor M, Coppola G, Deubler A, Economides A, Lotta LA, Overton JD, Reid JG, Siminovitch K, Shuldiner A, Beechert C, Forsythe C, Fuller ED, Gu Z, Lattari M, Lopez A, Padilla MS, Pradhan M, Manoochehri K, Schleicher TD, Widom L, Wolf SE, Ulloa RH, Averitt A, Banerjee N, Li D, Malhotra S, Sharma OD, Staples J, Bai X, Balasubramanian S, Bao S, Boutkov B, Chen S, Eom G, Habegger L, Hawes A, Khalid S, Krasheninina O, Lanche R, Mansfield AJ, Maxwell EK, Mitra G, Nafde M, O’Keeffe S, Orelus M, Panea R, Polanco T, Rasool A, Salerno W, Staples JC, Sun K, Abecasis G, Backman J, Damask A, Dobbyn L, Ferreira MAR, Ghosh A, Gillies C, Gurski L, Jorgenson E, Kang HM, Kessler M, Kosmicki J, Li A, Lin N, Liu D, Locke A, Marchini J, Marcketta A, Mbatchou J, Moscati A, Paulding C, Sidore C, Stahl E, Watanabe K, Ye B, Zhang B, Ziyatdinov A, Ayer A, Guvenek A, Hindy G, Jan F, Bovijn J, Praveen K, Kapoor M, Haas M, Riaz M, Verweij N, Sosina O, Akbari P, Nakka P, Gelfman S, Gokhale S, De T, Rajagopal V, Tzoneva G, Rodriguez-Flores J, Chen E, Jones MB, LeBlanc MG, Mighty J, Mitnaul LJ, Nishtala N, Rana N, Hernandez J, Nowakowski GS, Witzig TE, Novak AJ, Slager SL, Vachon CM, Cerhan JR, Regeneron Genetics C, Management RGC, Leadership T, Sequencing, Lab O, Clinical I, Genome I, Analytical G, Data S, Therapeutic Area G, Research Program M, Strategic I. Risk of lymphoid malignancy associated with cancer predisposition genes. Blood Cancer Journal. 2025;15(1):71 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41408-025-01283-z

Fallah M, Kharazmi E, Pukkala E, Tretli S, Olsen JH, Tryggvadottir L, Sundquist K, Hemminki K. Familial risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma by sex, relationship, age at diagnosis and histology: a joint study from five Nordic countries. Leukemia. 2016;30(2):373-8 https://doi.org/10.1038/leu.2015.272

Akhtar S, Rauf MS, Al-Kofide A, Elshenawy MA, Mushtaq AH, Maghfoor I. Risk of hematological malignancies in the families of patients treated for nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. Hered Cancer Clin Pract. 2021;19(1):17 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13053-021-00175-0

Yu TC, Yu SC, Wang RC, Lai SF, Teng CJ, Lin JW, Lin WL, Huang TC. Investigating early progression of Hodgkin lymphoma in a two-center analysis. J Formos Med Assoc. 2022;121(7):1215-22 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2021.12.025

Ben Lakhal R, Hdiji S, Zriba S, Mokrani A, Laatiri MA, BenYoussef Y, Ezzaier F, Toumi N, Ladeb S, BenSalah H, Tebra S, Frikha H, Messai T, Daoued J, Bouaouina N, Maalej M, Frikha M, BenOthmen T, BenAhmed S, Khelif A, Msaddek F, Mezlini A, Elloumi M, Meddeb B. Protocole national Tunisien prospectif de traitement du Lymphome de Hodgkin de l’adulte : résultats d’un schéma thérapeutique adapté à la réponse par tomodensitométrie à 2 cycles, à propos de 444 patients. Bulletin du Cancer. 2018;105(6):562-72 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bulcan.2018.04.001

Yoo KH. Staging and response assessment of lymphoma: a brief review of the Lugano classification and the role of FDG-PET/CT. Blood Res. 2022;57(S1):75-8 https://doi.org/10.5045/br.2022.2022055

Du J, Lan J, Yang H, Ying Q, Huang G, Mou J, Long J, Qiao Z, Hu Q. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) gene polymorphism with susceptibility to prostate cancer: an updated meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol. 2022;20(1):354 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-022-02812-x

Said R, Jenni R, Boussetta S, Ammous F, Zouari S, Zaghbib S, Chakroun M, Derouiche A, Chebil M, Ouerhani S. Association of a common genetic variant (insertion/deletion) in ACE gene with prostate cancer susceptibility in a Tunisian population. J Clin Lab Anal. 2022;36(1):e24129 https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.24129

Zhao Y, Chen X, Cai L, Yang Y, Sui G, Fu S. Angiotensin II/angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) signaling promotes MCF-7 breast cancer cells survival via PI3-kinase/Akt pathway. J Cell Physiol. 2010;225(1):168-73 https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.22209

Yang X, Wu H. RAS signaling in carcinogenesis, cancer therapy and resistance mechanisms. J Hematol Oncol. 2024;17(1):108 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-024-01631-9

Wiese W, Barczuk J, Racinska O, Siwecka N, Rozpedek-Kaminska W, Slupianek A, Sierpinski R, Majsterek I. PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Blood Malignancies-New Therapeutic Possibilities. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15(21):5297. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15215297

Catarata MJ, Ribeiro R, Oliveira MJ, Robalo Cordeiro C, Medeiros R. Renin-Angiotensin System in Lung Tumor and Microenvironment Interactions. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12(6):1457. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12061457

Koca E, Haznedaroglu IC, Uner A, Sayinalp N, Saglam AE, Goker H, Ozcebe OI. Angiotensin-converting enzyme expression of the lymphoma-associated macrophages in the lymph nodes of Hodgkin's disease. J Natl Med Assoc. 2007;99(11):1243-4, 6-7

Jou E, Chaudhury N, Nasim F. Novel therapeutic strategies targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cell immunosuppressive mechanisms for cancer treatment. Explor Target Antitumor Ther. 2024;5(1):187-207 https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2024.00212

Alamro AA, Almutlaq MA, Alghamdi AA, Alshammari AH, Alshehri E, Abdi S. Role of Renin-Angiotensin System and Macrophages in Breast Cancer Microenvironment. Diseases. 2025;13(7) https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13070216

Zhang K, Cheng D, Yi L, Shi H, Zhen G. Association between angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene polymorphism and susceptibility to cancer: a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2014;7(9):6291-300

Abdulaziz ARA, Ali EW. Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism (rs4646994) and Susceptibility to Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Case–control Study. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2022;10(B):997-1001 https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9341

Gan L, Liu X, Wu Z, Huang M, Zhang X, Guo W. Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(4):5788-93

Moghimi M, Kargar S, Jafari MA, Ahrar H, Jarahzadeh MH, Neamatzadeh H, Sadeghizadeh- Yazdi J. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism is Associated with Breast Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2018;19(11):3225-31 https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcp.2018.19.11.3225

Qiao R, Sang S, Teng J, Zhong H, Li H, Han B. Genetic Polymorphisms of ACE1 Rs4646994 Associated with Lung Cancer in Patients with Pulmonary Nodules: A Case-Control Study. Biomedicines. 2023;11(6):1549. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11061549

Downloads

Published

2025-12-17

How to Cite

1.
Salhi C, Laouar R, Chellat D, Sifi K, Rezgoun ML. First report on ACE I/D polymorphism and lymphoma susceptibility in Algeria: Clinical and genetic insights. Arch Biol Sci [Internet]. 2025Dec.17 [cited 2026Jan.1];77(4):361-7. Available from: https://www.serbiosoc.org.rs/arch/index.php/abs/article/view/11601

Issue

Vol. 77 No. 4 (2025)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Choubeila SALHI, Rania Laouar, Djalila Chellat, Yacine Benhizia, Karima Sifi, Mohamed Larbi Rezgoun

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.

Most read articles by the same author(s)