Hypotensive, vasorelaxant and antihypertensive activities of the hexane extract of Anacardium occidentale Linn

Authors

  • Cintia Danieli F. da Costa School of Nursing and Pharmacy, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, Maceió, Alagoas
  • Edla A. Herculano School of Nursing and Pharmacy, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, Maceió, Alagoas
  • Jessyka C.G. Silva School of Nursing and Pharmacy, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, Maceió, Alagoas
  • Emanuel T. Paulino School of Nursing and Pharmacy, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, Maceió, Alagoas
  • Alessandro C. Bernardino School of Nursing and Pharmacy, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, Maceió, Alagoas
  • João X. Araújo-Júnior 1. School of Nursing and Pharmacy, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, Maceió, Alagoas; 2. Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, Maceió, Alagoas
  • Antônio Euzébio G. Sant’Ana Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, Maceió, Alagoas
  • Marcos J. Salvador College of Pharmacy, Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas-São Paulo
  • Êurica A.N. Ribeiro School of Nursing and Pharmacy, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, Maceió, Alagoas

Keywords:

Anacardium occidentale, leaves, vasorelaxant activity, hypotension, antihypertensive effect

Abstract

Paper description:

  • Anacardium occidentale has been widely used in folk medicine in Brazil, India and Africa to treat hypertension.
  • Scientific reports have shown that the extracts of A. occidentale possess cardiovascular actions such as a hypotensive vasorelaxant effects.
  • Our work reports for the first time the effect of the hexane extract from the leaves of this plant using the experimental model of mesenteric artery rings, on blood pressure and heart rate in non-anesthetized normotensive rats, and a antihypertensive effect.
  • Our data suggest that the plant could be used in hypertension management.


Abstract: Anacardium occidentale is widely used in folk medicine in Brazil, India, and Africa to treat inflammation, diabetes and hypertension. The aim of the study was to assess the hypotensive, vasorelaxant and antihypertensive effects produced by the hexane extract from the leaves of A. occidentale (HEAO) in rats. The animals were anesthetized, and polyethylene catheters were embedded into the lower abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava for blood pressure measurements and drug administration. The HEAO was injected and the mean arterial pressure and heart rate were measured. The effects of the HEAO on isolated rat mesenteric rings with and without endothelium were investigated. HEAO induced hypotension and bradycardia in normotensive rats. After pretreatment with L-NAME, indomethacin, atropine or hexamethonium, these effects were attenuated. In mesenteric rings, HEAO antagonized the contractile effects induced by phenylephrine or KCl. This effect was inhibited after removal of the vascular endothelium. Oral administration of the HEAO decreased significant mean arterial pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Mass spectrometric analysis of HEAO identified malic acid and quercetin. Our findings demonstrate that HEAO produces hypotension probably due to a reduction in peripheral vascular resistance, mediated by the endothelium, in part, by a decrease in cardiac output. Bradycardia appears to be due to the indirect activation of cardiac muscarinic receptors via activation of the vagus nerve. The HEAO also induces an antihypertensive effect.

https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS171109006C

Received: November 9, 2017; Revised: December 29, 2017; Accepted: January 29, 2018; Published online: February 13, 2018

How to cite this article: da Costa CDF, Herculano EA, Silva JCG, Paulino ET, Bernardino AC, Araújo-Júnior JX, Sant’ana AEG, Salvador MJ, Ribeiro ÊAN. Hypotensive, vasorelaxant and antihypertensive activities of the hexane extract of Anacardium occidentale linn. Arch Biol Sci. 208;70(3):…

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Coffman TM. Under pressure: the search for the essential mechanisms of hypertension. Nat Med. 2011;17(11):1402-9.

Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, Danaei G, Shibuya K, Adair-Rohani H, Amann M, Anderson HR, Andrews KG, Aryee M, Atkinson C, Bacchus LJ, Bahalim AN, Balakrishnan K, Blames J, Barker-Collo S, Baxter A, Belle ML, Blore JD, Blyth F, Bonner C, Borges G, Bourne R, Boussinesq M, Brauer M, Brooks P, Bruce NG, Brunekreef B, Bryan-Hancock C, Bucello C, Buchbinder R, Bull F, Burnette RT, Byers TE, Calabria B, Carapetis J, Carnahan E, Chafe Z, Charlson F, Chen H, Chen JS, Cheng AT, Child JC, Cohen A, Colson KE, Cowie BC, Darby S, Darling S, Davis A, Degenhardt L, Dentener F, Des Jarlais DC, Devries K, Dherani M, Ding EL, Dorsey ER, Driscoll T, Edmond K, Ali SE, Engell RE, Erwin PJ, Fahimi S, Falder G, Farzadfar F, Ferrari A, Finucane MM, Flaxman S, Fowkes FG, Freedman G, Freeman MK, Gakidou E, Ghosh S, Giovannucci E, Gmel G, Graham K, Grainger R, Grant B, Gunnell D, Gutierrez HR, Hall W, Hoek HW, Hogan A, Hosgood HD, Hoy D, Hu H, Hubbell BJ, Hutchings SJ, Ibeanusi SE, Jacklyn GL, Jasrasaria R, Jonas JB, Kan H, Kanis JA, Kassebaum N, Kawakami N, Khang YH, Khatibzadeh S, Khoo JP, Kok C, Laden F, Lalloo R, Lan Q, Lathlean T, Leasher JL, Leigh J, Li Y, Lin JK, Lipshultz SE, London S, Lozano R, Lu Y, Mak J, Malekzadeh R, Mallinger L, Marcenes W, March L, Marks R, Martin R, McGale P, McGrath J, Mehta S, Mensah GA, Merriman TR, Micha R, Michaud C, Mishra V, Mohd Hanafiah K, Mokdad AA, Morawska L, Mozaffarian D, Murphy T, Naghavi M, Neal B, Nelson PK, Nolla JM, Norman R, Olives C, Omer SB, Orchard J, Osborne R, Ostro B, Page A, Pandey KD, Parry CD, Passmore E, Patra J, Pearce N, Pelizzari PM, Petzold M, Phillips MR, Pope D, Pope CA, Powles J, Rao M, Razavi H, Refuess EA, Rehm JT, Ritz B, Rivar FP, Roberts T, Robinson C, Rodriguez-Portales JA, Romieu I, Room R, Rosenfeld LC, Roy A, Rushton L, Salomon JA, Sampson U, Sanchez-Riera L, Sanmam E, Sapkota A, Seedat S, Shi P, Shield K, Shivakoti R, Singh GM, Sleet DA, Smith E, Smith KR, Stapelberg NJ, Steenland K, Stöckl H, Stovner LJ, Straif K, Straney L, Thurston GD, Tran JH, Van Dingenen R, Van Donkelaar A, Veerman JL, Vijayakumar L, Weintraub R, Weissman MM, White RA, Whiteford H, Wiersma ST, Wilkinson JD, Williams HC, Williams W, Wilson N, Woolf AD, Yip P, Zielinski JM, Lopez AD, Murray CJ, Ezzati M, AlMazroa MA, Memish ZA. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380(9859):2224-60.

Pereira M, Lunet N, Azevedo A, Barros H. Differences in prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension between developing and developed countries. J Hypertens. 2009;27(5):963-975.

Prado JC, Kupek E, Mion D. Validity of four indirect methods to measure adherence in primary care hypertensives. J Hum Hyperten. 2007;21(7):579-84.

Achelrod D, Wenzel U, Simon Frey S. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Resistant Hypertension in Treated Hypertensive Populations. Am J Hypertens. 2014;28(3):355-61

Greenway F, Liu Z, Yu Y, Gupta A. A clinical trial testing the safety and efficacy of a standardized Eucommia ulmoides Oliver bark extract to treat hypertension. Altern Med Rev. 2011;16(4):338-47.

Ara Tachjian MD, Viqar Maria MBBS, Arshad Jahangir MD. Use of Herbal Products and Potential Interactions in Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55(6):515-25.

Tchikaya FO, Bantsielé GB, Kouakou-Siransy G, Datté JY, Yapo PA, Zirihi NG, Offoumou MA. Anacardium occidentale Linn. (Anacardiaceae) stem bark extract induces hypotensive and cardio-inhibitory effects in experimental animal models. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2011;8(4):452-61.

Mukhopadhyaya AK, Hati QK, Tamizharasua AKW, Satya Babua P. Larvicidal Properties of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (Anacardium Occidentale L) on Immature Stages of Two Mosquito Species. J Vector Borne Dis. 2010;47(4):257-60.

Silva JG, Souza IA, Higino SJ, Siqueira-Junior JP, Pereira JV, Pereira MSV. Antimicrobial activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Anacardium occidentale Linn. against multi-drug resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Rev Bras Farmacogn. 2007;17(4):572-7.

Tedong L, Madiraju P, Martineau LC, Vallerand D, Arnason JT, Desire DD, Lavoie L, Kamtchouing P, Haddad PS.Hydro-ethanolic extract of cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) nut and its principal compound, anacardic acid, stimulate glucose uptake in C2C12 muscle cells. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2010;54(12):1753-62.

Akinpelu DA. Antimicrobial activity of Anacardium occidentale bark. Fitoterapia. 2001;72(3):286-87.

Olajide OA, Aderogba MA, Adedapo ADA, Makinde JM. Effects of Anacardium occidentale stem bark extract on in vivo inflammatory models. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004;95(2-3):139-42.

Barcelos GR, Shimabukuro F, Maciel M A, Colus I M. Genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) in V79 cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 2007;21(8):1468-75.

Konan NA, Bacchi EM. Antiulcerogenic effect and acute toxicity of a hydroethanolic extract from the cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) leaves. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007;112(2):237-42.

Singh B, Kale RK, Rao AR. Modulation of antioxidant potential in liver of mice by kernel oil of cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale) and its lack of tumour promoting ability in dmba induced skin papillomagenesis. Indian J Exp Biol. 2004;42(4)373-77.

Ojewole JA. Laboratory evaluation of the hypoglycemic effect of Anacardium occidentale linn (anacardiaceae) stem-bark extracts in rats. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2003;25(3):199-204.

Barbosa Filho J. M, Medeiros KCP, Diniz MF, Batista LM, Athayde-Filho PF, Silva MS, da-Cunha EVL, Almeida JRG, Quintans-Júnior LJ. Natural products inhibitors of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Rev Bras Farmacogn. 2001;16(2):258-85.

Runnie I, Salleh MN, Mohamed S, Head RJ, Abeywardena MY. Vasorelaxation induced by common edible tropical plant extracts in isolated rat aorta and mesenteric vascular bed. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004;92(2-3):311-6.

Giono-Barber P, Thullier Y, inventors. Rolland SA, assignee. Process for obtaining an antihypertensive principle from of Anacardium Occidentale L. United States patent US 3879547 A. 1975 Apr 22

Salvador MJ, Andreazza NL, Lourenço CC, Pascoal ACRF, Stefanello MEA. Antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of four Myrtaceae plants of the south of Brazil. Nat Prod Commun. 2011;6(7):977-82.

Smith TL, Hutchins PM. Anesthetic effects on hemodynamics of spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats. Am J Physiol. 1980;238(4):H539-44.

Fluckinger JP, Sonnay M, Boillat N, Atkinson J. Attenuation of the baroreceptor reflex by general anesthetic agent in the normotensive rat. Eur J Pharmacol. 1985;109(1):105-9.

Dorward PK, Riedel W, Burke SL, Gipps J, Korner PI. The renal sympathetic baroreflex in the rabbit. Arterial and cardiac baroreceptor influences, resetting, and effects of anesthesia. Circ Res. 1985;57(4):618-33.

White SW, Mcritchie RJ. Nasopharyngeal reflexes: Integrative analysis of evoked respiratory and cardiovascular effects. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci. 1973;5(10):17-31.

Zimpfer M, Manders WT, Barger AC, Vatner SF. Pentobarbital alters compensatory neural and humoral mechanisms in response to hemorrage. Am J Physiol. 1982;243(5):H713-21.

Stankevicius E, Kevelaitis E, Vainorius E, Simonsen U. Role of nitric oxide and other endothelium-derived factors. Medicina. 2003;39(4):333-41.

Kishi T, Hirooka Y, Kimura Y, Sakai K, Ito K, Shimokawa T. Overexpression of eNOS in RVLM improves impaired baroreflex control of heart rate in SHRSP. Hypertension. 2003;41(2):255-60.

Massion PB, Feron O, Dessy C, Balligand JL. Nitric oxide and cardiac function: ten years after, and continuing. Circ Res. 2003;93(5):388-98.

Moncada S, Vane JR. Pharmacology and endogenous roles of prostaglandins endoperoxydes throboxane A2 and prostacyclin. Pharmacol Rev. 1998;30(3):293-331.

Swan CE, Breyer RM. Prostaglandin E2 modulation of blood pressure homeostasis: studies in rodent models. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2011;96(1-4):10-3.

Nasrallah R, Hassouneh R, Hébert RL. PGE2, Kidney Disease, and Cardiovascular Risk: Beyond Hypertension and Diabetes. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016;27(3):666-76.

Da Silva DPB, Florentino IF, da Silva Moreira LK, Brito AF, Carvalho VV, Rodrigues MF, Vasconcelos GA, Vaz BG, Pereira-Junior MA, Fernandes KF, Costa EA. Chemical characterization and pharmacological assessment of polysaccharide free, standardized cashew gum extract (Anacardium occidentale L.). J Ethnopharmacol. 2018;213:395-402.

Mitchelson F. Heterogeneity in muscarinic receptors: evidence from pharmacological studies with antagonists. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 1984;5:12-6.

Thrasher T. Baroreceptors and the long-term control of blood pressure. Exp Physiol. 2004;89(4):331-5.

Mulvany MJ, Aalkjaer C. Structure and function of small arteries. Physiol Rev. 1990;70(4):921-61.

Lee CH, Poburko D, Sahota P, Sandhu J, Ruehlmann DO, van Breemen C. The mechanism of phenylephrinemediated [Ca2+]i oscillations underlying tonic contraction in the rabbit inferior vena cava. J Physiol. 2001;534(Pt 3):641-50.

Gurney AM. Mechanisms of drugs-induced vasodilatation. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1994;46(4):242-51.

Dickhout, JG, Lee RM. Blood pressure and heart rate development in young spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 1998;274(43):H794-800.

Doggrell SA, Brown L. Rat models of hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Cardiovasc Res. 1998;39(1):89-105.

Tédong L, Dzeufiet PDD, Dimo T, Asongalem EA, Sokeng SN, Flejou JF, Callard P, Kamtchouing P. Acute and subchronic toxicity of Anacardium occidentale linn (anacardiaceae) leaves hexane extract in mice. Afr J Trad Cam. 2007;4(2):140-7.

Ajileye OO, Obuotor EM, Akinkunmi EO, Aderogba MA. Isolation and characterization of antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds from Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae) leaf extract. J King Saud Univ-Science. 2015;27(3):244-52

Chirumbolo S. Role of quercetin in vascular physiology. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 2012;90(12):1652-57.

Larson AJ, Symons JD, Jalili T. Therapeutic potential of quercetin to decrease blood pressure: review of efficacy and mechanisms. Adv Nutr. 2012;3(1):39-46.

Marunaka Y, Marunaka R, Sun H, Yamamoto T, Kanamura N, Inui T, Taruno A. Actions of Quercetin, a Polyphenol, on Blood Pressure. Molecules. 2017;22(2):1-12.

Saleem R, Ahmad M, Naz A, Siddiqu H, Ahmad SI, Faiz S. Hypotensive and Toxicological Study of Citric Acid and Other Constituents from Tagetes patula Roots. Arch Pharm Res. 2004;27(10):1037-42.

Downloads

Published

2018-08-20

How to Cite

1.
da Costa CDF, Herculano EA, Silva JC, Paulino ET, Bernardino AC, Araújo-Júnior JX, Sant’Ana AEG, Salvador MJ, Ribeiro Êurica A. Hypotensive, vasorelaxant and antihypertensive activities of the hexane extract of Anacardium occidentale Linn. Arch Biol Sci [Internet]. 2018Aug.20 [cited 2024Mar.28];70(3):459-68. Available from: https://www.serbiosoc.org.rs/arch/index.php/abs/article/view/2354

Issue

Section

Articles